Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Intranasal Replicating Adenovirus type 4-SARS-CoV-2 Recombinants Induce Superior Immune Response Durability and Efficacy in Preclinical Testing Compared to Standard Intramuscular Vaccines

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.04.703921

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hamsters received IN or IM vaccines on day 0 and then challenged on day 56 or day 174 with either SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron. Samples were then taken at the indicated timepoints.

Article Snippet: For surface staining cells were harvested using 0.01 M EDTA in PBS 48 h after infection and stained with mouse anti- SARS-CoV-2 spike monoclonal antibody (40592-MM117, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China) (50 μL at 1.0 μg/mL final concentration) and then goat anti-mouse IgG PE-conjugated secondary antibody (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) (100 μL at 2.0 μg/mL final concentration) at 37 °C for 30 minutes each.

Techniques: Vaccines

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Impact of obstructive sleep apnea severity and treatment on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses

doi: 10.21037/jtd-2025-391

Figure Lengend Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody level before and after the booster immunization. Live virus nAb titer against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in plasma of severe OSA participants (light purple) and HDs (grey) before (A) and after (B) booster vaccination. Serum conversion ratio and GMT were displayed above and cases number involved were marked below. Each dots indicates an individual case. nAb titer was shown as a geometric mean with 95% CI. Unpaired and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was performed between two groups. ****, P<0.001, two tailed; ns, not significant. CI, confidence interval; FRNT50, 50% focus reduction neutralization titer; GMT, geometric mean titer; HD, healthy donor; LOD, limit of detection; nAb, neutralizing antibody; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining involved sequential incubations: first with a cross-reactive rabbit anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG antibody (Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China; catalog number: 40143-R001) for 1 hour at 37 °C, followed by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG(H + L) secondary antibody (Jackson Immuno Research, West Grove, PA, USA; catalog number: 111-035-144; diluted 1:4000) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Virus, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test, Neutralization

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Impact of obstructive sleep apnea severity and treatment on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses

doi: 10.21037/jtd-2025-391

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune responses at the peak responsive stage post booster vaccination in untreated OSA participants with two severity degree. Untreated severe OSA participants that with nAb titer or cellular responses data available at 1 month post booster vaccination (n=37) were divided into two subgroups based on the median AHI (50.1 events/hour): those with an AHI =30–50 events/hour (range, 30.1–49.3; median: 38.9) and those with an AHI >50 events/hour (range, 50.1–82.0; median: 63.1). (A) nAb titer against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. The GMT was displayed above. (B,C) Frequency of ASCs (B) and frequency of cTfh (C). Gating strategy related to (B,C) was detailed in Figure S1A . (D-F) Frequency of CD40L + cTfh, IFN-γ-secreting CD4 + T (specific CD4 + T), and IFN-γ-secreting CD8 + T (specific CD8 + T), frequency with control subtraction, and the percentage of positive-detected specific T (pep-ctrl >0) were annotated on the top of statistical chart. (G,H) Memory differentiation subset consists of Tnaive (CD45RA + CCR7 + ), Tcm (CD45RA − CCR7 + ), Tem (CD45RA − CCR7 − ), Temra (CD45RA + CCR7 − ) of specific CD4 + T and specific CD8 + T after peptides stimulating, and asterisk (*) colors were consistent with figure legends on the right. Gating strategy related to (D-H) was detailed in Figure S1B . HD: healthy donor, n=68; UT-O, 30–50: untreated OSA participants with AHI score among 30 to 50 events/hour, n=18; UT-O, >50: untreated OSA participants with AHI score higher than 50 events/hour, n=17. Not every individual’s nAb titer or cellular response data at each timepoint were available (blood unavailable), and each data point represents an individual case. nAb titer was showed as a geometric mean with 95% CI, and cellular response data were shown as a mean with SEM. Unpaired and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was performed between the two groups. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01, two tailed, ns, not significant. AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ASC, antibody-secreting cell; CI, confidence interval; cTfh, circulating T follicular helper; FRNT50, 50% focus reduction neutralization titer; GMT, geometric mean titer; nAb, neutralizing antibody; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SEM, standard error of the mean; Tcm, central memory T; Tem, effector memory T; Temra, effector memory T express CD45RA; Tnaive, naïve T.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining involved sequential incubations: first with a cross-reactive rabbit anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG antibody (Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China; catalog number: 40143-R001) for 1 hour at 37 °C, followed by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG(H + L) secondary antibody (Jackson Immuno Research, West Grove, PA, USA; catalog number: 111-035-144; diluted 1:4000) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test, Neutralization

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Impact of obstructive sleep apnea severity and treatment on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses

doi: 10.21037/jtd-2025-391

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune responses in severe OSA participants with AHI >50 events/hour after PAP treatment. Severe OSA participants who start PAP treating prior to their third vaccination were classified as the treated OSA group. (A) Live virus nAb titer against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at different stages post booster vaccination. Serum conversion ratio and GMT were displayed above and cases number involved were marked below. (B) Frequency of ASC, cTfh, and CD40L + cTfh at 1 month post booster vaccination. UT-OSA, OSA participants without any symptomatic treatment before and during our follow-up period (blue); T-OSA, OSA participants who start PAP treatment before their third vaccination (green). Not every individual’s nAb titer or cellular response data at each timepoint were available (blood unavailable), and each data point represents an individual case. nAb titer was showed as a geometric mean with 95% CI, and other data were shown as a mean with SEM. Unpaired and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was performed between two groups at the same. **, P<0.01, two tailed, ns, not significant. AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ASC, antibody-secreting cell; CI, confidence interval; cTfh, circulating T follicular helper; FRNT50, 50% focus reduction neutralization titer; GMT, geometric mean titer; nAb, neutralizing antibody; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PAP, positive airway pressure; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining involved sequential incubations: first with a cross-reactive rabbit anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG antibody (Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China; catalog number: 40143-R001) for 1 hour at 37 °C, followed by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG(H + L) secondary antibody (Jackson Immuno Research, West Grove, PA, USA; catalog number: 111-035-144; diluted 1:4000) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Virus, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test, Neutralization